A Brief Review of Cultural and Social Activities of the Samanids (From 819 to 999 AD)

Abstract

The Samanid state was initially established as a centralized structure, with society divided into various social classes. The social structure of the Samanid state was organized and advanced, providing a foundation for the spread of Islam in the eastern regions of its territory. The Samanid rulers improved social welfare and showed particular respect for scholars and scientists. They also made significant contributions to cultural and artistic flourishing. In the agricultural sector, farmers and landowners played a crucial role in supplying resources to the state treasury. Due to the dependency of agriculture on water resources, especially in areas distant from natural water sources, the Samanid government established irrigation systems. Governments typically assumed the responsibility of providing water to villages and agricultural lands. After extending their rule over the eastern regions of Afghanistan and Transoxiana, the Samanids expanded these irrigation facilities within their territory. The primary aim of this study is to highlight the social and cultural activities of the Samanid state. This article has been written using a descriptive-analytical research method and a library-based approach to data collection. The findings indicate that alongside other activities, the Samanid government made significant efforts to revive and sustain Islamic culture and civilization in Transoxiana and the farthest regions of its domain. They did so without prejudice, investing considerable effort to ensure the continuation of their rule by focusing on social welfare.