Examining the Role of Politics in the Economy and Social Welfare of Afghanistan

Abstract

Politics, as one of the most fundamental determinants in shaping economic and social structures, plays a pivotal role in either the advancement or the stagnation of nations. Afghanistan, owing to decades of political instability, civil wars, foreign interventions, and weak state institutions, stands as a prominent example of the profound impact of politics on the economy and social welfare. Throughout its contemporary history, Afghanistan has witnessed intense political upheavals—including coups, internal conflicts, external interference, and regime changes—all of which have directly affected the everyday lives of its people. Accordingly, achieving sustainable development in Afghanistan necessitates the establishment of political stability, the strengthening of state institutions, the fight against corruption, and the formulation of effective, long-term economic policies. The present study aims to examine the role of politics in Afghanistan’s economy and social welfare. The findings indicate that political instability and frequent shifts in the structure of power have led to reduced investment, rising unemployment, the expansion of poverty, and a heavy dependence of the economy on foreign aid. This situation has had significant adverse effects on key social welfare indicators, including access to healthcare, education, housing, and social security. The study adopts a qualitative (analytical–descriptive) approach, with data collected through library-based research methods.